Adolescent Sex Offenders and Social Workers Role

One of the most significant problems of the Western world is sexual assaults which rank among the societies’ illness that connects to other crimes such as nonsexual crime, spread of infectious diseases, substance abuse and environmental damage.Victims of sexual assaults are increasing on a large scale basis according to the 1987 surveys using stratified random samples of selected population.Sexual assaults during the past decades have shown that one half of the number of women interviewed say they experienced sexual victimization before reaching the age of 14 while one in four of the adult female respondents say they were sexually abused before the age of 18. Although most of these assaults were committed by adults, male juvenile sex offenders are beginning to take the limelight in committing sex offenses more than any other records we had decades ago.Male sex offenders are those persons convicted in court of sexual crimes that include rape, sexual intent such as molestations and sexual component which include rape with murder. Categorically there are two types of sex offenders and these are the adult and adolescent offenders.While the adult sex offenders are fully sanctioned by the law, juvenile or adolescent sex offenders are treated differently because they are still under the age covered by juvenile criminal justice system which separate them from adult system.In the criminal justice system, the court considers a young person a sex offender when he or she cannot be responsible for the criminal behavior because of his or her age. In American jurisdictions, when a person is younger than 12 years old, he or she is considered a child so they cannot be convicted of sexual crime because sexual crime covers only those who are 13 years and above.Juvenile or adolescent sex offenders, however, have ages of 12 up to 18 therefore they are within the juvenile court system and consider them as juvenile sex offenders. They can be held liable for sexual offense beca use according to the court they can be criminally responsible for the crime because of their capability to distinguish sexual offense.According to the US statistical data, from 1985 to 2000, 91.8% of sexual offenses were committed by young males with ages 12 to 17.In a study conducted in 1983 by Ageton, he estimated that approximately around 20% of all rapes and child molestations were caused by adolescent male offenders. One of the most recognizable characteristics of adolescent sex offender is their deviant sexual behavior.This behavior includes sexual behavior on child molestation, pedophilia and fetishism. Sexual deviation is often interpreted as â€Å"sexual perversion† or â€Å"paraphilia†.   Paraphilia is defined in the medical or behavioral science as a behavioral condition that refers to sexual deviation, sexual anomaly, sexual perversion or a disorder of sexual preference.Adolescent sex offenders suffering from Paraphilias are mostly males who develop this condition during their early puberty and may suffer from it until the age of 20 (Barbaree & Marshall, 2008).In 1994, the American Academy of Pediatrics has published its last policy statement that includes information on rape and sexual assault by adolescents, victims of these assaults and the perception of these adolescents about sexual assault or sexual offense. Sexual assault or sexual offence may vary in definitions.It may connote rape, acquaintance, date rape, molestation, statutory rape, treatment and management of the victim. In sexual offense, there is usually sexual contact with or without penetration that occur either with the use of psychological coercion or by physical force. It can also include touching the person that violates his or her persona or touching the person’s sexual or body parts or even touching the clothing that covers the intimate parts of the person.There is molestation even when there is non-coital sexual activity between a child, an adolescent o r an adult. Molestation which is one form of sexual offense can also include encouraging a child in viewing pornographic materials, fondling of the genitals or breasts or through oral-genital contact.According to the national data, victims of adolescent sexual offense are mainly composed of adolescents themselves. Although adolescent sexual offenders may victimize any age group, according to the 1998 record of the US Department of Justice out of the 1000 males and female victims of sexual assault annually, 3.5 % are of ages 12 through 15 years of age and 5 % are of 16 to 19 years of ages.These are only conservative data because accordingly cases are not all reported due to the fact that the assailants are of their acquaintance or relative of the victims.Usually the persons involved in the treatment of these victims are pediatricians who are responsible in the management of children and the well being of the adolescents. This is because they are trained to conduct forensic procedures that are necessary for documentation and evidence collection which the pediatrician must refer to an emergency department or rape crisis center when there is the case of adolescent rape.Rape cases may involve Colposcopic procedures that will allow examiners to check on genital trauma as seen in rape cases. Pediatricians who are tasked to treat sexually abused or assaulted patients must be aware of the legal requirements which include the completion of the needed forms, documentation and reporting to the authorities.In case there is diagnosis and management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) blood and tissue specimens should be obtained and checked as most of the victims of adolescent sex offenders may suffer from these kinds of diseases and infection (Kaufman, 2008).But what causes male adolescent sexual offense and what are the treatments? According to studies adolescent sexual behavior develop during childhood. Because of exposure to non-profound sexual values and absence of bonding with their families, the young mind of a child learned to trust no one.They may be exposed to sexual behavior and values that victimize people or live in a very complex family setting where they see their parents getting involved with other partners. Because of the lack of stability and consistency in mind, the children’s confused world affects their sexual identity.Since they lack psychological support from their families, what they have in their environment confuse them to the point of getting confused by his own sexual identity. As they grow up, they cannot categorize what is right from wrong when it comes to having relationship particularly sexual relationship.Psychiatrists can be able to see this abnormal behavior based from the adolescent’s background. They can also see the difference between normal boys and young sex offenders. A normal boy is usually self-absorbed but also much aware of other people and his surroundings while a boy with adolescent sex offender tendencies is usually motivated in satisfying his own needs with no regards for others.In the case of a normal adolescent male, as puberty sets in he will take interest with the opposite sex. Although this is also true with an adolescent male sex offender, the problem is he can both become attracted to males and females but this attraction is not based on respect but with manipulative and opportunistic desire that involves inappropriate sexual fantasies.While the normal adolescent boy begins to seek friendship with his peers, the offender will only wish for sexual relationships. Because of this unusual personality, the opposite sex may find him unsuitable for friendship and avoid his companionship. In view of this the offender may just commit sexual gratification by other means and to what satisfies him regardless of consequences.Since this condition may become too emotionally deep, extensive study of the offender’s background and psychiatric test must be provided to prevent re-offending. Treatment must be applied and people in charge of the treatment must start with orienting the offender of his condition to prevent the status of denial and begin to process individual motivations, detect the signals to offending, monitor emotional responses and pattern of offense.The offender must be taught to assume responsibility of his own behavior and must be told that his deeds make him to act antisocially. This process will enable the adolescent to understand his condition and can motivate himself to seek help to prevent future conflicts. This usual therapy can help in making the offender analyze and acknowledge his offenses so that he can have room for potential change.Some important treatments that are involved to alter abnormal sexual behavior is altering the deviant sexual fantasies of the offenders and stop the habit of masturbation, improving the development of conscience and feelings of empathy. Patients subjected to group therapy experience faste r treatment and this is where the value of the social workers comes into place.The social workers can significantly assist treatment and therapy to enable the patients to coordinate events, thoughts and feelings that trigger his offending behavior. In case they bypasses boundaries of good morals, the social workers will reorganize and restructure their thoughts by teaching them re-routing their energies to legitimate leisure activities to prevent immersing themselves to boredom which can trigger offensive behaviors.One of the most important aspects of treating an adolescent sex offender particularly in males is abandoning the objectification of people specifically of those sex partners so that he will learn social skills and attracting a person to a commitment of a true, loving and committed relationship. Getting him exposed to be moral is the main objective of therapy and treatment.Truly, it takes a lot of effort to make an offender get on the right track because as we have said, h is mind and abnormal behavior developed during his younger years of mental formation that is why treatments sometimes seem to be overwhelming.There are different forms of treatment and therapy with this condition and they take in many forms. Social workers, however, does not rely on drugs or other forms of treatment that uses chemicals in enhancing treatment but instead they condition the mind of the offenders through the use of lectures, discussions, exercises, movies, instructional videos, role playing, oral treatment plan assignments and so on.Usually social workers rely on the use of role models that are once adolescent sex offenders and can serve as rich source of experiences. Social workers are especially trained to share personal anecdotes in teaching the fundamentals of responsibility, sexuality, morality, social skills and communication, preventing relapse and emotionality.They encourage their subjects in watching television shows and news programs that offer rich sources o f discussion that provokes moral interpretations and judgments.As have been mentioned before, group therapy can be the most significant treatment of all the choices provided by the social workers because a group mobilizes peer pressure and can be a powerful motivator for change and it presses confession and conformation as well. Counseling is also done to individual inpatients and outpatients on a weekly basis (Lakey, 1994).  However since this discussion is primarily pointing at what are the causes and treatment of adolescent sex offense it must also be noted that prevention must be considered to altogether stop or spread the cases of this clinical condition.We all know that 95% of the time, sex is rooted out in our childhood because as children, we have an inborn curiosity about everything including sex. A child who starts to mingle with other children accelerates this curiosity to an astonishing degree and therefore this is where the guidance of his family must come to play.Onc e the child begins to notice the opposite sex it means his curiosity starts to accelerate removing himself to his confinement with his toys and playthings. However if the child cannot get from his parents the information of what he is curious about, his tendency is to run to his peers or other adults for the answers. Unfortunately, pedophiles are most aware in this factor and may use their advantage to gain the trust of children.The result of the curiosity of the child may be disastrous in this manner. That is why sex education at home should begin the earliest possible time or when the child starts to ask questions about sexuality. Male child may ask about simple things but the parent must answer the child with very basic answers that do not need to talk about pure sex.The parents must also correct misinformation that deals with sex contributed to him by his peers, classmates or other adults. Remember that everything that the child ask and see becomes imprinted in his young mind an d will carry and lead him to other aspects related to what he learned during his developing years.When the child starts to enter his adolescence he begins to experience confusion and will try to discover his true identity. Inadequate learning from his family or misinformation given to him by other people may confuse him deeply which can affect his personality and his view toward sex may become abnormal.Being in the stage of budding adolescence is where the role of his family becomes critical because he will see that something different takes place on his body and at the same time notice that opposite sex attracts him. If misguided and the adolescent has no one to talk about the changes he feels, depression may result and he can have a puzzled adolescent life (Prendergast, 2003).No man has desired to be a sex offender but unfortunately we cannot always direct our lives due to the fact that there are many influences that may put our child at risk. However, the US government is very an xious about this and so every US state are encouraged to put up their adolescent prevention program to put a hold on the growing criminality caused by the offending youths.According to The Safer Society Foundation, in 1986 there were about 346 programs in the U.S. treating adolescent sex offenders with ages ranging from 12-17. In 2002 these programs rose to 937. But with the rising offenses during that period around 410 programs were also established for children under the age of 12 due to the rising trends of younger offenders.Government programs were the result of these data because suddenly there was the need for establishing programs for juvenile treatment as referred by state courts (â€Å"Juvenile Probation and Court Services Department,† 2006)For the conclusion of this discussion, checking on the data plus the concern that affects some of our youth, there is a point indeed for concern for the need to answer the growing problem of adolescent sex offense. Through the yea rs, this information tells us that not only adolescents are affected by this conditions but even younger males.There are now researches to back-up the need for rehabilitation of the offenders because of the massive data that have been supported by studies and information from the US National Statistics and other government programs. Giving hope to these children through treatments encouraged by different programs is the only recourse we could do because we want to prevent further debilitation of culture and future of our youth.eferences:Barbaree, H., & Marshall, W. L. (2008). The Juvenile Sex Offender, Second Edition (2 ed.): Guilford Press (book)Juvenile Probation and Court Services Department.   (2006). Retrieved from http://www.cookcountycourt.org/services/programs/juvenile/innovations.html#jsoKaufman, M. (2008). Care of the Adolescent Sexual Assault Victim. Pediatrics (Journal), 107, 1476-1479.Lakey, J. F. (1994). The Profile and Treatment of Male Adolescent Sex Offenders. Ado lescence (Journal), 29(116), 755-761.Prendergast, W. E. (2003). Treating Sex Offenders (2nd ed. Vol. 1): Haworth Press. (book)

Powerless in Love Great Gatsby

Love is a very powerful emotion. It is able to consume a person’s mind and control their every thought, every action and every dream. Scott Fitzgerald demonstrates how love can hold a man’s heart and mind hostage through the portrayal of Jay Gatsby’s pursuit of the love of his life. In Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, Gatsby’s heart and mind remain fixed on his past love of Daisy Buchanan as he creates a dream of once again returning to that moment in the past.Blinded by the illusion of Daisy as a tangible commodity, Gatsby is inspired by passion and love to redefine himself as he risks everything and consequently meets his own demise in his effort to reunite with Daisy and achieve his dreams. After falling in love with Daisy Buchanan, Gatsby fantasizes about their future life together and creates an illusion of her that is far beyond reality. Gatsby is enthralled by his past love, and as a result of his longing desire to restore this moment in time he has created the illusion of a woman synonymous to a goddess.Nick mentions on the afternoon that Gatsby and Daisy are reunited, â€Å"There must have been moments that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of [Gatsby’s] dreams — not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion. It had gone beyond her, beyond everything,† (95). When Gatsby meets Daisy once again after five years, he is disappointed, not by any action of Daisy, but because Gatsby has blown her up to be in equal comparison of a Greek goddess. Daisy is unable to live up to this supernatural illusion.Fitzgerald hints at Gatsby’s impression of Daisy’s superiority through their first kiss. He says, â€Å"At [Gatsby’s] lips’ touch she [blossoms] for him like a flower and the incarnation [is] complete,† (111). At this moment, Gatsby is finally able to touch this goddess that he pictures Daisy as being. His pursuit of this seemingly una ttainable dream is achieved when Daisy kisses him. She is incarnated so to speak from her elevation as a goddess to a tangible idea in Gatsby’s mind. Her illusion of perfectionism changes to an image of a mere woman; an extravagant woman, but not forbidden from Gatsby’s grasp any longer.He makes it his life – long dream to return to this moment in time. When he kisses her he â€Å"forever [weds] his unutterable visions to her perishable breath,† (110). His mind has been locked in his visions of Daisy and he becomes confident with the idea of being able to be with her. This confidence inspires him to redefine himself in order to achieve a position in society suitable to Daisy’s demands. As a result of Gatsby’s dream, he is motivated to become a man suitable to comfort Daisy, and in doing so he must redefine himself and his image in society.Daisy is a woman of inherited wealth; a member of the rich elite class in society. Nick mentions that Ga tsby â€Å"[takes] her under false pretenses. [Nick] [doesn’t] mean that [Gatsby] [has] traded on his phantom millions, but he [has] deliberately given Daisy a sense of security; he [lets] her believe that he [is] a person from much the same stratum as herself— that he was fully able to take care of her,† (149). Gatsby understands that he is not qualified by the unwritten laws of society to be with Daisy. He knows that such a relationship will be shunned by the laws of social life during this time.However, the forbidden fruit is the sweetest. Even though a relationship with Daisy is essentially prohibited, Gatsby strives to be of her class and for the time being lies to her about his social status. He makes her believe that he can support her comfortably in order to give himself a chance at winning over her heart. He learns that Daisy is swayed by money just as much as she is swayed by the looks or charm of a man. Therefore he devotes his life, from the moment o f his first kiss with Daisy to the present time, to accruing a vast amount of wealth and notoriety.He purchases a mansion across the bay from Daisy’s residence perhaps in the hopes that one day she may be interested in this grandiose house lit up like a jack-o-lantern across the bay. Nick has an epiphany of Gatsby’s intentions as he says, â€Å"[t]hen it had not been merely the stars to which [Gatsby] had aspired on that June night. He came alive to me, delivered suddenly from the womb of his purposeless splendor†¦He had waited five years and bought a mansion where he dispensed starlight to casual moths—so that he could ‘come over’ some afternoon to a stranger’s garden,† (78).It is Gatsby’s sole purpose to attract Daisy back into his daily life. For this reason he throws parties once every two weeks in the hopes that Daisy will be intrigued by the music and the lit up mansion across the bay and wander right into his house. Essentially, Gatsby is hoping that Daisy will be attracted to the lights of his house just as moths are attracted to the light of a lantern in the night.He dedicates himself toward this dream of reuniting with Daisy and he creates a facade of a wealthy and flamboyant life believing that if Daisy did ever wander into his house, she would feel that Gatsby is now capable of fulfilling her needs and supporting her comfortably. He valued all of his possessions only on the basis that Daisy may enjoy them. When Gatsby gives Daisy a tour of his mansion, Nick says, â€Å"I think [Gatsby] revalued everything in his house according to the measure of response it drew from her well-loved eyes,† (91).At this point it appears as though Gatsby would be ready to rid himself of any of his possessions which Daisy disliked. Everything in his house is methodically purchased for entertaining Daisy and advertising his wealth. He dedicates himself toward a dream and is willing to redefine himself an d sacrifice everything in the pursuit of Daisy. As Gatsby’s heart remains fixed in the past, he is in a constant struggle with time as he risks everything in his attempt to erase the past and achieve his dream. Gatsby’s vivid memory of Daisy and her beauty has him constantly dreaming of the past and fantasizing of an idea that is impossible.He desires to turn back time and erase Daisy’s relationship with Tom completely. Nick realizes that â€Å"[Gatsby wants] nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: ‘I never loved you. ’ After she had obliterated four years with that sentence they could decide upon the more practical measures to be taken,† (109). Tom is the only obstacle in between Gatsby and the achievement of his dream. Gatsby desires nothing more than for Daisy to admit that she never loved Tom and had always loved Gatsby. He wants to know that she reciprocated his love during the years they had been distant from each other.However, Daisy is unable to admit this and Gatsby’s dream is shattered. As he tries to erase the past in her mind, she becomes further distant from him and all hopes of reuniting are failing. Gatsby desperately attempts to revive his dream, â€Å"[b]ut with every word [Daisy] was drawing further and further into herself, so he gave that up, and only the dead dream fought on as the afternoon slipped away, trying to touch what was no longer tangible, struggling unhappily, undespairingly, toward that lost voice across the room,† (134).Gatsby puts an immense amount of effort into recreating the past and reviving a dream only to see it all collapse before his very eyes. His whole existence is centered on his love Daisy as he is overwhelmed by his obsession to win her heart. He has lost everything and his life has become meaningless. Up to this point, he allows his heart to rule his mind and he has put every moment of the past five years into accruing a fortune to attr act Daisy. Fitzgerald reveals, â€Å"No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart,† (96).Fitzgerald implies the emotions generated from affairs of the heart have an uncanny power to control a man’s actions and his dreams. It is the power of Gatsby’s heart that leads him on his journey and motivates him to create his dream and his illusion of Daisy as a tangible ideal. This illusion initiated by his passion and love leads him to his own downfall and the collapse of his dreams. As a result of his heartfelt love for Daisy, Gatsby’s every moment is controlled by a time-warped illusion of his first moments with Daisy and his unfurling dream to recapture the love of his life.His pursuit of love is the force behind his attempt to redefine himself and create a new, wealthy Gatsby, suitable to Daisy and capable of achieving his dream of the two reuniting in love. Fitzgerald effectively demonstrates the power love has o ver a man’s soul and actions through the portrayal of Jay Gatsby in his quest and ultimate failure to win the heart of Daisy in his novel The Great Gatsby. Through his characterization of Gatsby, Fitzgerald illustrates that no matter how much passion or confidence a man may put into his dreams, they may never be achieved and may leave that man with nothing.Jay Gatsby epitomizes the affects the pursuit of love can have on a man as he passionately throws himself into his dreams of living happily ever after with Daisy and bases his whole existence around her. Consequently, although Gatsby is able to redefine himself into a rich and powerful man in a materialistic sense, the failure to win Daisy’s love renders him powerless as he is left with an empty heart and a dead, meaningless dream.

Gender Inequalities in the Workplace - 1963 Words

‘Describe and analyse gender inequalities in the workplace?’ Gender inequalities in the workplace have been an ongoing issue for many years, which has mainly been central to women in the workplace, as senior management has prioritised men over women. This has made it very difficult for women to work their way up to management as women are considered to be incompetent compared to the men in the workplace. The wage gap between men and women has raised much debate, as men are generally more likely to get paid more than women. There has been much confusion that sex and gender are the same but actually there is a vast difference between the two concepts as gender is the social, cultural and psychological difference between a male and†¦show more content†¦The functionalist perspective on gender inequalities are evident as Talcott Parsons suggests that in order for socialisation to be clear it is important that individuals are able to have a supportive and stable family as Parsons believes that the family life is the most precise and effective way for individuals to understand sexual divisions that occur in social institutions home. (http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0763170.html) This suggests that sociologists are more concerned in the way society segregates men and women to explain why gender inequalities occur and how changes can be made in order to make society a institute that is bases on each individual being treated equal regardless of age, sex or gender. Gender wage gap highlights the significant difference in salary that women get compared to men. It has been estimated that on average women earn 23.7% less than men do. This figure highlights that majority of employers value the role and exist of the male workers which are indicated in the salary that they take home each month, where as women are paid less regardless of the time and energy that they put in the workplace. Stockyard and Johnson (1992:32) have both recognised that there are significant differences in wages between men and women although both sexes carry out full time jobs. In 1987,Show MoreRelatedWorkplace Inequality And Gender Inequality1678 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Inequality Brittany N. Shipley Central Penn College Abstract As you are reading you will be informed of the many factors that can contribute to workplace inequality. 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It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences. There is a natural difference also in the relative physical strengths of the sexes. In the workplace Income disparities linked to job stratification Wage discrimination exists when workers are equally qualified and perform the same work butRead MoreGender Inequality During The Workplace1609 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace Times have changed; western women have more influence in the workplace than ever before in history. Today women make up 19% of Congress, almost double the share from 20 years ago. Five percent of women are now serving as CEOs of Fortune 500 companies (Pew Research â€Å"Women in Leadership). Approximately 65 percent of women work in high paying careers, triple that of 40 years ago. The gender gap in salary is also less than it was decades ago. In spite of these advances

Problems and Solutions to Violence in Schools Essay

Violence is a very important issue that is coming to the front in todays school systems. School violence is a `complex social policy problem and is considered very complicated and hard to define. My paper is on school violence and the methods in which the government and schools can provide support and/or programs to help stem the recent rash of incidents. These steps include: use of `less violent materials, peer mediation interventions, police presence and action, individualizing of the troublemaker(s), safety measures [in schools, and at home], and raising deviancy awareness. Through using these methods, hopefully we can start to stem the amount of, and types of violence that has been ruling the schoolyards these days. It is important†¦show more content†¦There has been a stunning trend in recent years that shows that teachers are less likely to punish a student for fear of retaliation, and likewise, students are becoming more apathetic about schoolwork and deviancy because they realize they will not be punished as severely. This problem also leads to less attentiveness amongst students, and less ability to teach a lesson for the professors. Simply put, the violence epidemic simply leads to more violence. There are several reactions that students exhibit to violence in the schools. While some seclude themselves, withdraw from school, the most serious reaction is of retaliation. Some students, when acted against, will begin carrying weapons to school, this act will only lead to further violence among students in the school setting. The use of violence and aggression in schools also can lead to serious psychological harm. Many times, not only victims, but witnesses to serious crimes in the school setting have reported some form of lasting mental damages. This mental trauma is often hard to treat, causing some students to permanently leave school. The most common cause of this mental trauma is the youth on youth violence that is spreading throughout the educational institutions. There are certain elements in schools and social environments that foster juvenile violence. These elements include attention from peers, teachers, and even the media. Students, who act appropriately, andShow MoreRelatedExamining Causes of School Violence and Solutions to the Problem1763 Words   |  8 Pageschildren been victims of violence or intimidation and how many times have you been left feeling abandoned, demoralized and full of despair because no-one will lift a finger to help. How many times have you seen the offenders caught and let off to continue re-offending in some instances? The truth of the matter is that we are all alone when it comes to dealing with any form of aggressive behavior from children, especially in school. Did you ever wonder why schools have so much violence? But people alwaysRead MoreSchool Violence1125 Words   |  5 PagesFinding a Solution to School Violence Anita Lopez Kaplan University CM-220 School is a place where children should go to learn, educate themselves, make lifelong friends and most importantly they should feel safe. The violence in schools has increased over the years and many schools aren’t sure how to handle this growing problem in an appropriate manner. School violence may come in various forms and some of the most common forms of school violence include physical abuses, bullying, brawlRead MoreSchool Violence Speech Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesTopic: School Violence General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform what needs to be done to stop school violence. 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The Threat Of Emergency Response Operations - 1604 Words

The quote; â€Å"Threats and Vulnerabilities emanating from man-made and natural disaster are the crux of the U.S. all-hazard approach to homeland security (HS), but this approach appears to be inherently flawed.† is not true. This essay will argue that emergency response operations are at the crux of the U.S. all-hazard approach to homeland security and that this approach is not inherently flawed just not all encompassing. This is because the emergency response operations such as crisis and consequence management directly correlate with the length and overall effect of vulnerabilities and threats emanating from a disaster, presenting post disaster risks that need to be accounted for but are not. Also, the all-hazard approach is correct, threats to homeland security do not just come from militarized attacks but also chemical spills, tornadoes and other disasters showing that it is not inherently flawed. The approach simply fails to recognize the effect that interagency and int ergovernmental coordination during the emergency response operations, or lack thereof, has on the magnitude of threats and vulnerabilities that emanate from man-made and natural disasters. Preparedness should account for both pre and post disaster conditions. Section one of this paper will define the concept of an all hazard approach to homeland security. Section two of this paper will argue that emergency responses act as the crux of the all-hazard approach. The third section will argue that all hazardShow MoreRelatedExploring Terrorism And Terrorism1312 Words   |  6 Pagesstrengthen communities. A strong capability to perform hazard and threat assessments can go a long way in helping a community take preventive and protective measure in the fight against terrorism. Fighting terrorism is a combination of several tools and activities aimed at improving response capabilities and reducing the risks from attacks. 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Ethical and Legal Practices and Capacity

Question: Severe Exacerbation of his COPD with Dyspnoea on Minimal Exertion. Answer: Introduction: Healthcare professionals are bound to undertake ethical and legal exasperations from patients, associated family and the healthcare administration. The interventions that are to be imparted upon the patient must be in accordance with predilection of the patient and associated family. Furthermore, but such penchant cannot always been considered by the healthcare professionals as in many cases such predilection may not be justifiable. The example of this can be insufficient knowledge towards prevailing health condition and affect to decision due to advanced age, social, cultural, psychosocial and financial factors (Herring, 2014). The report is an analysis on the refusal of treatment and beneficence ethical and legal practices that affects the intervention treatment regulated by the healthcare professionals through the case study of Mr. Gray who is suffering from COPD. This report outlines an overall analysis on maintaining the ethical approach while provisioning the treatment. Furthermore, two ethical and legal practices with the care that are refusal of treatment and beneficence have been undertaken for the analysis of the case study of Mr. Gray. Importance of Ethical Approach: Ethics is a philosophical approach that believes in preventing and safeguarding the moral principles of a human being that are based on their social, cultural, psychosocial, economic and financial experiences. Furthermore, ethics provide an order, recommendation and prevention of the rights of an individual in order to protect them from any misconduct by another human being (Miravitlles et al., 2013). In accordance to this concept, the healthcare professionals conduct and impart the treatment to the patients with distress. Furthermore, keeping this viewpoint in mind, the first establishment of the principles of ethics was conducted by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in 1985 (Ebbesen Sundby, 2015). Such principles are interrelated and provide the healthcare professionals optimal framework and guidelines for the formulation, implementation and regulation of optimal remedial treatment to the patients. The two chosen ethical and legal practice framework are refusal of treatment and be neficence (Entwistle Watt, 2013). Condition of Patient: Mr. Gray is an old man who is 67 years old and is suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) along with dyspnoea. Additionally, he is suffering from dysphagia, nocturnal pyrexia and dysphasia (Incalzi et al., 2014). Furthermore, he has signs and symptoms such as high temperature, lowered oxygen saturation levels, tachycardia, high respiratory rate, normotensive and pneumonia. Additionally, along with such condition he has severe refusal towards treatment and meeting his family members, other patients in the hospital and staff members of the hospital. Refusal towards treatment is towards the consumption of the medication and undergoing Enteral Feeding. The healthcare professionals are undertaking optimal steps such as providing consent to the family members regarding the treatment require to be imparted to Mr. Gray (Pagano, 2016). Comparison of Refusal of Treatment with the Care: The right to refusal of treatment is the basic right provided to the patient in order to prevent and prohibit the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions as per their will. This right preserves the moral ethics, provides protection and privacy during the conduction of the treatment. In addition to this, such right preserves the integrity and decision-making of a patient but unfortunately, this right usually gets misused by the patient having no knowledge on their medical condition. Certain factors such as no awareness, advanced age, influence by social, cultural, ethical and psychosocial experiences and others affects the decision-making of a patient to a large extent. Additionally, this condition locks and prohibits the healthcare professionals from undertaking decisions related to safeguard interventions (Ryan, Callaghan Peisah, 2015). Similar, situation has arisen in case of Mr. Gray who has severe refusal towards pharmacological intervention of paracetamol and conduction of Enteral Feeding through the inserting of nasogastric tube. The evidence based practices need to be implemented such by informing the patient and associated family on the importance of safety of the treatment and the recovery of patient, the required voluntary treatment by the patient are not effective anymore, the benefits or advantages are way more stable and outweighs the associated risks (Loke, 2015). In conclusion to the prevailing scenario, Mr. Gray comes under the case of an adult with capacity that determines the refusal by a patient in order to satisfy themselves irrespective of the degrading repercussions that can originate ahead. Consistent and prolonged refusal by Mr. Gray has led the healthcare professionals to approach Mrs. Gray regarding the imparting of effective intervention. Mrs. Gray is open to such safeguard interventions an d wants her husband to recover as soon as possible. Additionally, under such circumstances the associated healthcare professionals are open to undertake the safeguard interventions as per the consent and approval from Mrs. Gray. Furthermore, the concept of coercion must be separated from this situation as coercion is regarded as invasive and a term usually used for the treatment of the patients suffering from medical conditions but in the case Mr. Gray the treatments are non-invasive and must be conducted in accordance with the approval of Mrs. Gray (Soininen et al., 2014). Conclusively, the procedural measures for the conduction of remedial treatment for Mr. Gray have been undertaken in accordance with the rationale of refusal of treatment. Comparison of Beneficence with the Care: Beneficence is one of the four principles of ethics formulated by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in 1985 (Ross, 2016). This principle provides effective remedial actions that are essential and required to be implemented to benefit and provide relief to the patient under distress. Beneficence is a broad concept that allows the healthcare professionals to provide effectual concoction of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in accordance with the circumstances, somatic and mental wellbeing of the patient. Such interventions are required to be implemented with the help of experienced skills and high level of knowledge towards the condition and effective interventions (Martela Ryan, 2015). Beneficence principle goes in accordance with the case of Mr. Gray as this ethical approach has provided every possible measure to the healthcare professional for the conduction of the treatment in Mr. Gray. Furthermore, the concept of consent is also attached to the beneficence as consent allows optimal awareness of the existing condition, possible safeguard interventions and their extent of affects on the patient. In accordance with the beneficence, Mr. Gray has been optimally diagnosed and treated well. Furthermore, patient-oriented strategies and protocols have been formulated in respect to different medical conditions occurring in Mr. Gray. Additionally, consent has been implemented in Mrs. Gray regarding the continual refusal towards treatment by his husband. Such communication over consent has provided approval of treatment by Mrs. Gray that legally allows the healthcare professionals to proceed with the treatment irrespective of the approval by Mr. Gray (Corvol et al., 2013). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) is a condition that affects the lungs and degrades it making the patient incapable enough of breathing (Dharmarajan et al., 2016). Certain signs and symptoms of COPD are wheezing, shortness of breath, severe weakness, coughing and tight chest. Maintaining optimal nutritional level and healthy diet under such condition becomes extremely tough and provision of enteral feeding is undertaken when oral feeding is not possible as in the case of Mr. Gray. The level of nutrients is manually handled by the healthcare professionals (Prince et al., 2015). This is mainly a non-invasive method and is frequently undertaken by various healthcare professionals to provide remedial treatment and has fewer side effects. Provision of nasogastric tube for Mr. Gray will allow optimal levels of nutrients in the body as he is continually refusing for the intake of food orally. Furthermore, optimal level of nutrients will allow the regulation of the antibiotic th erapy in Mr. Gray provided for the treatment of pneumonia and other prevailing severe health condition in him (Reeve et al., 2016). Conclusively, the procedural measures for Mr. Gray in order to conduct remedial treatment have been undertaken in accordance with the beneficence rationale. Conclusion: The right to refusal of treatment was made to preserve the ethical integrity and likings of the patient while it has been manipulated by patients with the help of voluntary and involuntary refusal. This right also provides provision of continuum of care in accordance with the approval by the associated family members. Mr. Gray is an old man who is 67 years old and is suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD), dysphagia, pyrexia, dysphasia, pneumonia, dyspnoea and haemoptysis. Such condition requires consumption of antibiotics orally and intake of optimal healthy diet. Refusal to both has been seen in Mr. Gray in order to satisfy themselves irrespective of competent enough regarding the degrading consequences of the refusal. Symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezes, weakness and others has led the healthcare professionals to come up with enteral feeding and must be regulated by the approval of Mrs. Gray. Besides this, beneficence also goes along with the case study of Mr. Gray that allows the provision of effective treatment by respecting the ethical and moral integrity of Mr. Gray and his family by not forcing Mr. Gray on consuming oral antibiotic and oral consumption of food. Additionally, another possible method of treatment is enteral feeding that is non-invasive in nature to which patient is again showing refusal. Beneficence allows generating and enhancing the consent of the family members as in this case is Mrs. Gray and proceeding further with the treatment in accordance with the approval by Mrs. Gray. References: Corvol, A., Moutel, G., Gagnon, D., Nugue, M., Saint-Jean, O., Somme, D. (2013). Ethical issues in the introduction of case management for elderly people.Nursing ethics,20(1), 83-95. Dharmarajan, K., Strait, K. M., Tinetti, M. E., Lagu, T., Lindenauer, P. K., Lynn, J., ... Krumholz, H. M. (2016). Treatment for multiple acute cardiopulmonary conditions in older adults hospitalized with pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or heart failure.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,64(8), 1574-1582. Ebbesen, M., Sundby, A. (2015). A Philosophical Analysis of Informed Consent for Whole Genome Sequencing in Biobank Research by use of Beauchamp and Childress Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Entwistle, V. A., Watt, I. S. (2013). Treating patients as persons: a capabilities approach to support delivery of person-centered care.The American Journal of Bioethics,13(8), 29-39. Herring, J. (2014).Medical law and ethics. Oxford University Press, USA. Incalzi, R. A., Scarlata, S., Pennazza, G., Santonico, M., Pedone, C. (2014). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the elderly.European journal of internal medicine,25(4), 320-328. Loke, P. C. (2015). Refusal of Treatment by Critical Patients.Encyclopedia of Trauma Care, 1398-1402. Martela, F., Ryan, R. M. (2015). The Benefits of Benevolence: Basic Psychological Needs, Beneficence, and the Enhancement of Well?Being.Journal of personality. Miravitlles, M., Soler-Catalua, J. J., Calle, M., Soriano, J. B. (2013). Treatment of COPD by clinical phenotypes: putting old evidence into clinical practice.European Respiratory Journal,41(6), 1252-1256. Pagano, F. (2016). Therapeutic compliance in elderly patients with COPD.Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 147. Prince, M. J., Wu, F., Guo, Y., Robledo, L. M. G., O'Donnell, M., Sullivan, R., Yusuf, S. (2015). The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice.The Lancet,385(9967), 549-562. Reeve, E., Denig, P., Hilmer, S. N., Ter Meulen, R. (2016). The ethics of deprescribing in older adults.Journal of bioethical inquiry, 1-10. Ross, L. F. (2016). Theory and Practice of Pediatric Bioethics.Perspectives in biology and medicine,58(3), 267-280. Ryan, C., Callaghan, S., Peisah, C. (2015). The capacity to refuse psychiatric treatment: A guide to the law for clinicians and tribunal members.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,49(4), 324-333. Soininen, P., Putkonen, H., Joffe, G., Korkeila, J., Vlimki, M. (2014). Methodological and ethical challenges in studying patients perceptions of coercion: a systematic mixed studies review.BMC psychiatry,14(1), 162.

New School free essay sample

Ardrey Kell. Those two words, synonymous with new school,O made my stomach turn. Switching schools, in the middle of high school, was a nightmare. But in one of the nationOs fastest growing cities, Charlotte, North Carolina, I had no choice. New schools were being hastily scraped together everywhere, and I was re-zoned to a new school. After two years of establishing my leadership and participation roles at Providence High School, I would have to make new friends, meet new teachers, and, worst of all, join new clubs and activities at Ardrey Kell. Suffice to say, I was not too thrilled at the prospect of changing schools. I had learned to love my old school. I loved everything about it, from the black and gold school colors to the panther mascot. And I was trading in all my school pride for a purple knight, the trademark of my new high school. We will write a custom essay sample on New School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I first walked into the front hall of Ardrey Kell on August 26, 2006, I looked at the garishly gleaming walls of clashing color palettes, took note of the countless suits of armor lined up against the walls, and I realized I had no hope. None at all. And rightly so. All the clubs and extracurricular activities that I had been involved in at Providence, such as Spanish Club, Key Club, and marching band, did not exist. All the leadership positions I had worked so hard to attain over the past two years meant nothing here, at my new purple prison. Frustrated, I moaned and groaned for about a week. Finally, it dawned on me. An epiphany of sorts, I realized that I had two choices: I could complain and ruin my last two years of high school, or I could embrace my new situation and try to enjoy my time at Ardrey Kell. I decided to choose the latter. I took the initiative and started talking to teachers and administrators about my ideas for the school. With the help of my Spanish teacher , I established the Ardrey Kell Spanish Club. I laid the groundwork for a club constitution, basing it loosely on the constitution of the club I had left behind at Providence. I worked with my club advisor and set up a tutoring program to help students who needed personal help learn the curriculum. I spoke to my band director, and he worked to help establish a marching bandO of sorts, a pep band to play at football games. I joined the Interclub Council, as a club representative, and helped Ardrey KellOs own mini-UN organization change school policies. At the same time, other students were embracing the new school and working to create more clubs and extracurricular activities. A Key Club was founded, as well as an Interact Club and a Mu Alpha Theta. Almost everything I had left behind at my old high school was replaced with a new, improved version at this new school. Suddenly, my purple prisonO did not seem quite as jail-like. By making my voice heard, I was able to establish progra ms that improved and expanded the school. I was able to effect change, a power I had never before held.